Audience research

For our audience research we devised a Plan. We would make a questionairre and then voice record the conversation with each person. We used varying range of people with variables like age, gender and general types of people. We showed the song and then answered the questions, the questions related to target market research, what sort of people listen to the music and what age range would listen to it as well.  Below are the 5 separate interviews that were conducted.

Above is our First interview in order to 

Here is Interview Number two

Shooting Schedule

In this i will be describing in more details the different shots and the overall plan for our entire music video.

Shot 1:

• Location Weston College- University Campus.
• Shot type- Master shot, Wide shot
• Action- Performance based shot of an entire band playing (Bass, Guitar, Drums, Singer) Shot will last around 20 seconds
• Date- 18/12/12 Midday

Shot 2:

• Location: Weston College- University campus
• Shot type- Panning shot, Close up or Extreme close up
• Action- Continuing with the performance aspect but with a close up shot off all the band members faces in a panning motion. Shot will last around 5 seconds
• Date- 18/12/12 Midday

Shot 3:

• Location: Hutton - 5 Weston way (My house)
• Shot type- Mid shot of the back, green screen for the mirror
• Action- First theme of narrative, Lead actor (me) looking into a mirror and sees a girl in it instead of him, it is the girl he is thinking about. Shot lasts around 3 seconds
• Date- 

Shot 4

• Location: Hutton - 5 Weston way (My house)
• Shot type- Mid shot, Shot reverse shot
• Action- Close up shot of the "Mirror" and the girl in the camera. Shot lasts around 3 seconds
• Date-

Shot 5

• Location - Hutton - 5 Weston way (My house)
• Shot type- Close up, Shot reverse shot
• Action- Reverse close up shot of the Lead and showing his reaction to seeing the girl in the mirror 
• Date-

Shot 6

• Location - Hutton - 5 Weston way (My house)
• Shot type -
• Action-
• Date-

Shot 7

• Location - Weston college University Campus
• Stot type- 
• Action-
• Date- 18/12/12 Midday

Shot 8

• Location- Weston seafront
• Shot type-
• Action-
• Date-

Shot 9

• Location- Weston College University Campus
• Shot type-
• Action-
• Date- 18/12/12 Midday

Shot 10

• Location- Weston College University Campus
• Shot Type-
• Action-
• Date- 18/12/12

Shot 11

• Location- Weston-Super-Mare: Town Centre
• Shot type-
• Action-
• Date- 

Shot 12

• Location- Weston-Super-mare: Town Centre
• Shot type- 
• Action-
• Date-

Shot 13

• Location- Green Screen- Weston College
• Shot type-
• Action- Explosion
• Date-

Shot 14

• Location Green screen- Weston College
• Shot type-
• Action- Rio de Janeiro
• Date- 18/12/12 Midday

Shot 15

• Location- Weston Super Mare: Town Centre
• Shot type-
• Action- Close up of two People
• Date-

Shot 16

• Clip from Youtube
• Date- 18/12/12 Midday

Shot 17

• Location- Hutton - 5 Weston way (My house)
• Shot type- Low angle shot
• Action- 
• Date-

Shot 18

• Location- Hutton - 5 Weston way (My house)
• Shot type- High angle shot
• Action-
• Date-

Locations

For our music video we will need to use different locations in order to expand our ideas and to showcase our creative aspect. They will be a mixture of interior and exterior locations, each will be specific to our shooting schedule.

Below is the complete list of locations where we will be filming:

A- 5 Weston way- My house, Shot numbers 3,4,5,6,17,18

B- Weston College, Shot numbers, 1,2,7,9,10,

C- Weston Seafront, Shot number 8

D- Weston-Super-Mare town centre. Shot Number 11,12

Above is the Exact locations on a satellite view of the town and the immediate area. These 4 locations should encompass all of our filming. If for any reason we decide to do any other locations at the time of filming, I will update the blog with additional locations.

Michel Maffesoli- Urban Tribes

in 1985 , French sociologist Michel Maffesoli came up with a way of categorising different types of Social groups. He called them "Urban Tribes" which links back to Tribes from the past which were groups of people who shared something in common and banded together. Things like language, traditions, rituals, beliefs and styles of clothing. Urban tribes would link to modern day life but would still follow the basic principles of a tribe. Another word for this is a "Subculture" which follows a similar principle to Urban Tribes in that it is a group who share something. E.g. Ideologies, dress styles, pastimes.

I have been researching different Urban tribes in an attempt to find out which one i belong to and i have concluded that i probably fall under the Gamer Tribe. I think this because i do enjoy video games but i also enjoy films, music and TV which is apparently what the gamer is all about. Also there is no real emphasis on clothing styles which is something which i fall under as well. Now that iv established what I am, I can start to look at the specifics of this , i.e. music videos, practices and other things along those lines.

Below is a mind-map of the subculture as a a whole. It lists what there interests are, what brands they follow and what sort of iconography they hold.

Above is the iconography i decided to do for the Urban Tribe, gamer. It is mainly a mood board of different icons that are recognised by that particular group but also several brands that they recognise as an official part of the tribe.

Ideas for Songs

For our creative task We have to choose a song and make a music video for that chosen song. The choice of song is obviously critical to the effectiveness of the overall video. It has got to be a song that i like and also a song that is going to be challenging in the sense that it has lots of work and differing techniques to showcase what we can achieve.

After our choice the entire group gathered round and shared their ideas. Each had a definite potential but none were particuly of interest to me.

For our group I alone had to decide which song we had to do because my group was unavailable at the time. For a start I had to pick genre because if i could determine genre I could narrow down the song choices. I managed to narrow down our genre choices down to two. Pop or Indie Rock. I decided on these two genres because they had lots of adaptability and could be interpreted in different ways. Pop was one of the two choices because it was a good opportunity to have multiple shots and would be easier to enable quick shots, because of the natural pace and speed of the music. For pop we had  few choices for song which are listed below.

Rizzle Kicks: Down with the trumpets

However despite the choice of song we had i still wasn't convinced on it, because it was not a song that i wanted to portray due to the fact that it already had a video for it and i didn't want to make a copy. And i didn't exactly like the song so i wouldn't have been able to carry on with it.

In the end I decided to use the genre of Indie Rock because it would have given me a good excuse to use a narrative structure for this because many indie songs do have an element of storyline to them and because they are indie many of them are album tracks and don't have any music video, so we could be creative with our music video. After a lot of trial and error I decided on our song choice which was Arctic Monkeys- I bet you look good on the dance floor.

Album Artwork- Research

Album Artwork is taken fairly seriously in the Indie Genre.  Album covers is another product for sale in the indie world. It Differs from other genres because these songs aren't generally sought after as much as other genres so they have a lower Digital Download rate than other genres. So to sell they make the album a product, an artefact that you cant get on digital download (sometimes digital download features album Artwork but its still not physical). Also there are now usually much more than the CD now in albums. There usually now is something inside with additional information, something which you cant get through digital downloads.  Even here there are different approaches to albums, some favour drawings or paintings as there album covers, some favour photographs but all follow a common theme in that they are in someway in an artistic form. Here are a few examples.

Kasabian-Empire

Radiohead- Ok Computer

Sonic Youth- Dirty



















For our song we plan to do Arctic Monkeys- I bet you look good on the dance floor. Here it is below.

It comes from the Album "Whatever people say I Am, Thats what I'm Not" which has taken the simple photo approach to it. I think that personally this we should do something similar to this in the photo approach for multiple reasons. Firstly it is in my mind tricky to create a CGI artwork with the software that has been made available to us. This would make for a very poor quality of the finished product and this is not what i want to happpen. Also I have little artistic talent so coming up with inspiration would be equally challenging. Below is the album in question.

The main features of this particular album is that it is a Single photo. The colour scheme is almost non existant an it is a cooler black and white, compared with other indie Albums (see example album covers near top) are much more vibrant and colourful. This is the style that i would consider using for my own album covers. I think I would choose this because It is simple to achieve because all we would have to do is find a Costume and take a series of pictures at differing angles and simply take the colour out of it.

Below are the other three albums that the Band have released.

Arctic Monkeys- Favorite Worst Nightmare

Arctic Monkeys- Humbug

Arctic Monkeys- Suck it And See

As we can see, the band has taken different approaches to there album styles. The second album they released "Favourite worst Nightmare" has in my opinion taken strong influence from 1960's bands like The Beatles in the Font for there band name and the style that are in the windows also pay homage to the 60's style. Amongst that they have combined that with a more convention Urban scene which once again is dark and Cold coloured. On contrast the 60's is very warm and colourful. There Third album "Humbug" has also taken a retro approach to there album cover. By the look of it it looks like an old photo. The Font has a 70s style to it and it looks almost degraded and rough. This was probably the desired effect but it certainly differs from the other album covers because it uses this style, the others don't have any connection to it. There Fourth album "Suck it and see" is definitely unique because it doesn't follow any Album cover Conventions. Firstly it has no visual art of any form and it dosnt feature the name of the Band anywhere. This isnt smething i would consider using because it is a little to simple and doesn't showcase any real creativity or thought (unless there was actually some underlying message in this). All of there albums are different from one another in almost every sense so this prompts that a Indie album cover isnt predictable or "conventional" so we could do almost anything and claim that it is their album. Well this only applies to the Specific band and may not nessecerily relate to every indie band but because we have to do one for Arctic Monkeys , it's still aplicable.

Practical Task- Lip sync task

Below is our Video which demonstrates our Lip sync and Action match. We have used the song All Star by Smash Mouth because it was a fairly low paced song with easy to read lyrics and they were easy to lip sync. Also a key feature of the video was to create action matches, which also make for a good show of technical skill.

This has no bearing on the actual video that Smash mouth produced because this is purely a showcase of action and lip syncing so the narrative of the story doesn't really matter this time.

Practical Task- Frame by Frame

For one of our formative assessments we were asked to create a frame by frame video of any current music video of our choice. This included Camera, Mise-en-scene, location and costume. We had free reign over the choice of music video to copy, however there were certain limitations that prevented us from certain styles and certain songs. The problem with replicating pop is that the costume tends to be elaborate and also has lots of use of Special effects. Later on I decided the best thing to do would be Indie because they don't have elaborate costume or fancy sets and was easily replicable. The song we chose was Ed Sheerans- Lego House

I think that is quite good because it has used the same designs and the same style as the original video. There were some scenes we could not however replicate because we couldn't organise it and in one shot here is out of sync but that is because the shots at the time were out of sync so it would be impossible to get it right in the editing phase without making it look jumpy or of a poorer quality so i decided to keep it as it was. Below is the original.

Postmodernism

Postmodernism is a theory which came about around 1970. It is a collection of Styles, ideals, Literature and media. A common way to describe is a mish mash of genres. E.g. Blade Runner is a mixture of Sci-fi/Film Noir. It is difficult to define but it covers several key terms.

Intertextual Reference- One media text references another

Parody- Mocking something in an original way

Pastiche- Taking reference in a respectable


Here is an example of Parody:

Here is an example of parody. To the left is a clip from the 1970s cop drama- Starsky and Hutch. It is the typical example of a cop show. It does have a certain comical aspect to it in that it is easy to replicate and parody.

And here is a music video for Sabotage by The Beastie Boys. It has parodied this style of cop drama in the use of costume, Mis-en-scene and location in this music video. This differs from pastiche because because it has been done in a satirical way and is made fore comedy as apposed to professional courtesy.


Pastiche:

Here is video for Marilyn Monroe's "Diamonds are a girls best friend". It is almost unique in its choice of colour, costume, location, and even actress. It would be hard to think of conventions to parody so it couldn't really be parodied effectively.

And here is a music video Madonna's "Material Girl". Because it is so alike to the original i would class it as a pastiche as opposed to a Parody because it is paying tribute to the original by basically copying the Costume, colour, location. Even madonna looks similar so it is a Pastiche.




Intertextual Reference:

This is a scene from the film "Back to the Future". The scene itself was a classic scene.

This video by Death set has literally hundreds of intertextual references from lots of different science fiction films and TV. The reason for the first video is to demonstrate just how big a Intertextual reference the start of the video is.


Non Linear Narrative: A non linear narrative is a story which does'nt follow a linear story. This is present in lots of films and TV shows such as Momento or Pulp Fiction which do not follow a chronological storyline, which is another way of saying it is a Non Linear Storyline. In music videos However it isnt as common i have found. This is because a story is sometimes difficult to follow and can confuse the audience. This is generally not what a Music video is desighned to do. However there are some exeptions to this rule. For Example the Coldplay video for "Scientist" has a reverse narrative (The story is moving backward) which can be seen as a Non linear Narrative. It is this because it is a narrative in the sense we want to know what is happening.

Tracy Chapman- Fast Car narrative

Linear-Below is an example of our storyboard off the tracy chapman song "Fast Car". This particular storyboard is illustrating a linear approach to the song i.e. as it is sung. The images relate to the lyrics of the song so it is quite easy to document.

However below this text is an example of our attempt to make the text non-linear. We have done a chronological order for the song so there are no flashbacks or past tenses, instead we have a continuous timeline.

Media Textual Analysis

For my textual analysis i am going to use an Indie song. I choose to do this because they generally have a strong sense of narrative which i can comment on and they also have a large creative sense about them which is also interesting to talk about.

The video i am going to use is Arctic Monkeys- Florecent Adolesent Here is that video below.

The reason why i chose to do this video is because it has a strong creative sense about it and it is generally in my mind a good video to analyse. It is a typical example of the Indie Rock genre so is therefore a good one to pick for the genre as a whole.

This is one the opening shot of the video and it presents the Location very well. This shot has been taken from inside a car and shows a journey to this location (which is probebly an old warehouse). Location is always an improtant feature of any music video no matter the genre. For the indie genre it represents otherness, because other genres use more conventional locations, for example hip hop or rap tend to focus on Urban areas as opposed to countryside which is common among indie videos.

In this second shot I have, it in my mind illustrates a Narrative structure. This is a shot of two distinct groups of people having a fight which is a narrative in that somethig is happening. This is a trait present in many Indie videos because they aren't mainstream people dont watch there videos as a means of watching the artists, partially because they aren't well known enough to be recognisable but also because they focus more on the music sense.

In this shot the idea of Costume is emphisised. Here we have a shot-reverse-shot of the two main "factions" in this video. As we can see the one on the right is wearing an elaborate and colourful clown outfit and is in contrast with the other person, because he is wearing dull and ordinary colours, perhaps ment to represent the everyday man. Some indie band have emphasis on elaborate outfits for actors. But they usually dont themselves wear anything other than ordinary. This video is one of the examples of costume playing a key role towards the overall product.

This is an example of Prop because this car has deliberately been put into the video to put emphasis on more of the narrative. Props are an important part of the more wider Mise-en-scene which covers many areas which are crucial to many indie videos (this one included) and gives depth which is what they are trying to go for.

This screenshot is further evidence to support the narrative structure

Album cover analysis

Album Covers are another important aspect of Music Video as a package. They are an extension of an artists creative and promotional package. Different Genres of Music have different Ideas and conventions regaring their album artwork. Although there are general conventions that all in the genre follow, some artists use it as a means of individualism and this can lead to interesting and artistic Covers. Album covers are however becoming more and more obselete because of the huge rise of Internet download and other means of playing music. Dispite this there is still a large market for a physical album. Here are three from the main three genres.

Radiohead- Kid A: This albumn cover from the Indie band Radiohead is a good example of what an album cover is. For the Indie genre there generally is an artistic and entropic view on what an album cover is and this is no exeption. It is at first glance just a mountain range, nothing partically interesting about that. But they arnt usually featured in any Album cover (especially not painted) which makes it very entropic and abstract. The reason for abstractnes as opposed to a more pop video is partially to give the impression that they are an Indie band and again because the individual dosnt matter in the Indie genre as a whole and they focus more on the talant, this relates to the album covers bieng extensions of there artistic talants.

This particular album cover has been constructed deliberatly too look almost unfinished and stuck together. Hence the cuts in the image which give it a more arty feel to it. A standalone picture of a mountain range wouldnt have the desired effect of art even though it is painted it still needed something else. and in the background there is suddenly a red and fiery feel to the image. This could be a representation of energy or power which could be relating to the music or the band. Interestingly the Name of the album has absolutely no relevence to the image. Usually there is some sort of reference no matter how insignificant. But in this there isnt.

Iron Maiden- The Final Frontier: This album cover for Rock band Iron Maiden is an interesting and iconic example of what a Rock album cover could be like. Rock album covers are a little trikier to define that Indie or pop because Rock is one of the Widest genres and covers so many different types of rock. Each different types of rock brings with it its own ideas about what there music is about. And they also have differing ideas about what an album cover should be like. Traditional rock bands like The Beatles or Pink floyd have very different  covers to Heavy metal bands like Metallica and Slipknot. However all rock tends to favour creativity as opposed to advertisement in the usage of album covers

Iron Maiden falls under the rock catagory of Metal and is a good example of Conventions and Beliefs in regards to there Albums. As we can see there is a strong theme of Death, almost unholyness in this artwork. Skulls, blood and cuts are all frequent in this album. This is common with many Metal album covers because they relate to the subculture of the people who generally listen to it. It could also be symbolism for the consequenses of living a Metal lifestyle. But probebly not. Colours in these albums are generally dark and include deep shades of colours. However in my mind this is a slightly more artistic and colourful approach to an album cover.

Tinie Tempah- Discovery: This album cover for pop Tinie Tempah is a typical and conventional take on a pop Album cover. Most Pop music in general focuses on the artist and uses it as a advertisment tool. Album covers are no different and will nearly always have mid shots or close ups of the artists and not much else. Art is not a major componant in this genre, but this specific album is using artwork as well as advertising the individual.

Todorov's narrative theory

Todorov was a Media Theorist who came up with a theory about Narrative structure. This theory can be applied to numerous forms of media like Film, Music Video and other literatures. He split the basic narrative into 4 Sections.

Equilibrium: everything is normal

Disruption of equilibrium: Something upsets the normal balance of life

Attempt to repair the disruption: The Hero goes on a quest

Equilibrium is restored (However not exactly back to the way it was): the hero defeats the Villain.

Toderov used fairy tails and other fantasy legends as a basis for his theory. However this is merely a basic narrative structure, and it can be applied to other scenarios and Genres. For example the Equilibrium could be a man is Alone. The disruption could be he falls in love with a Girl he meets. His attempt to repair would be He tries to start a relationship with this girl. And finally the new equilibrium would be he gets the girl.

In terms of Music Video this can be applied to songs. However in my opinion only certain genres fit this Narrative, for example Drum and bass doesn't generally have a Narrative structure so it dosnt fit the Theory.

In this video for Blur- Coffee and TV there is a Clearly defined narrative. Todarovs narrative theory can be applied to this video because it meets all the basic requirements of the Theroy.

Equilibrium- The equilibrium of this particular video is that there is a family and there son has gone missing. we see this on the image of the milk carten with a picture of a man on the side. We can deduct that this man is connected to the family because of the distressed look of the family in the video.

Disruption of equilibrium- The disruption to this rather dark equilibrium is the Milk Carton itself. The carton comes to life and is clearly concerned for the mans wellbieng. So this has already disrupted the equilibrium with his presence.

Repairing the equilibrium- In an attempt to repair the equilibrium our hero (The milk carton) undertakes a quest to find the missing man (or at least this is what we assume but it just so happens to be true). In any such quest he has to overcome many perilous obsticals that are inbetween him and the missing boy. Obsticals such as a Strimmer, Open road, City life, evil garbage and children. This video follows the narrative master plot of "The Quest" which to involves a hero/heroine undertaking a quest which will somehow make others lives more pleasant. Usually the hero manages to complete his quest but is not entirely the same afterwards. This is similar to this particular quest.

New Equilibrium- Eventually our hero finds the missing man and asks him to come home. So he does go home and the family are very happy to see him. So our heros quest is done and at the end the milk carton is drunk by the missing man and our hero dies. So a new equilibrium is established and as toderovs theory states it is not the same as it was before.

Sven E Carlsson- Media Theorist

Sven E Carsson is a Media theorist who became famous with his theory on Music Videos. He believed that all music Videos were split into two Catagories. Performance Clips and Conceptual clips. He also believed that there were three types of Performer in the clips aswell.

Comercial Exhibishionist- This is where the performer is portrayed themselves as a Selling Point. This is more common with Pop videos than other genres because they tend to focus on the Artist involved in there videos, rather than the music. A prime example of a Comercial Exhibitionist would be...

Televised Bard- This is where the Performer also takes on the role of Storyteller through the use of song. In a Video we usually see the "Bard" only a few times in the video because the video will be focusing on the story as opposed to the Music. This is fairly common with Indie Genre who have a good emphsis on narrative. Bands like Radiohead are a good example because in several of there videos they take the form of storyteller.

Electronic Shaman- This is where the performer is a Voice and usually nothing more. In Videos we dont see the "Shaman" for the most part (if not at all) and he/she only appears as an illusive voice. This is less common with Indie, Rock and Pop because they need to be advertised. The main uses of this character is in more specialized forms of pop like Drum and Bass or Hip hop. A good example of an Electronic Shaman is Fat boy Slim. In Most of his music Videos he isnt in his videos and he is only a voice.

Firth- Media Theorist

In 1998 a Media theorist called Firth came up with a way of Analysing Music Videos. He Split Them into 3 Categories.

Performance: To Convey a sense of in-concert experience.
'Performance oriented visuals cue viewers that the recording of the music is the recording of the music is the most significant element.'

Narrative: Linear stories- love stories are the Most popular
'Action in the story is dominated by males who do things and females who passively react or wait  for something to happen' (Schwichtenberg 1992)

Conceptual: Metaphors to create a mood, offer multiple meanings

This Video of Guns N Roses-Paradise City is a good example of a Performance aspect of Firth. Throughout the whole video there are basically all shots of the band performing as opposed to a popular video. This is showing the audience that the Performance to them is more important than the Music promotional tool that alot of music videos are made for.

 

 This Video for Blur- Coffee and TV is a good example of a Narrative Video. If you were to ignore the song and focus only on the Video you would see a clear Narrative structure. This is a common convention of alot of indie rock videos because they tend to focus more on there creative nature and use music videos as a tool to do that.

Conventions of Indie

CONVENTIONS OF INDIE


1. Less Emphasis on the artists themselves because they themselves are not being advertised, their musical talent is being showcased in the music videos

2. There is a generally creative aspect to Indie with the video. It shows off there ability to be different and it shows what they can do with a budget.

Arctic Monkeys - Florescent Adolescent

Ok Go- Here It Goes Again











3. Indie labels are generally less well off than the mainstream Labels and because there music is less sought after. This shows in the Use of Mise-en-scene, costume is generally more Casual wear like Plain Shirts, Jeans and Trainers as apposed to the more elaborate costume of the Pop and Rock Genre.

The Verve - Bittersweet Symphony










4. Indie Videos tend to have a strong emphasis on narrative. This shows with many indie bands including Blur, Arctic Monkeys, Radiohead and several others. This is because they use Music Videos as a means of advertising there ability to create music as something new and different in comparrison to Pop and Rock. This helps them to stand out in the Media.

Blur - Coffee and TV

The Beastie Boys - Sabotage

Radiohead - Just












5 .Use of camera is less important in indie Music. It tends to be slower paced, like the music and therefore dosnt need to have fast moving cuts. And there are less Close up, and Mid shots in the Videos. This is because they feel they dont need to advertise the individuals in Indie videos.

Kaiser Chiefs - Ruby

Conventions of Rock

CONVENTIONS OF ROCK


1.The main feature of Rock is that Music Videos tend to focus on them as a band, as opposed to an Individual. This is because they arn't packaged in the same way as a Pop artist where it is usually just a single person, it Gives importance to all members of the Band.

Nickelback- How You Remind Me












2. There are many shots throughout videos of The band showing of There musical Capabilities. e.g. The band Playing their instruments. Rock is not aimed at the mass market so they are almost trying to advertise themselves because they may not be recognisable.

Guns 'N' Roses- Paradise City












3. The majority of rock videos use dim lighting and dull colours. Some dont have any colour at all. This I think is reflecting on the music itself because it isnt as upbeat or as energetic as a Pop music video.

Metallica- One













4.There is in alot of rock videos a Narrative structure of some degree. For example there is usually a Romance narrative between the Lead singer and a Woman (or a man if the Singer is a woman).

Nickelback-How you Remind Me












5. Use of Mise-en-scene is taken seriously in Rock videos. Use of props, location in the Narrative side of the Video. The performance is usually less but not entirely gone. For example a Live performance video the Mise-en-scene would be the Stage, because it reminds us of

Conventions of Pop

CONVENTIONS OF POP

1. Use of colours and Bright lights is common among most Pop videos. This creates a sense of energy and emotion that the producers like the artists to be put across as colourful and energetic.

2.Close up shots designed to focus our attention on the Artist and not much else. This means that they are packaged as individuals and as artists, as apposed to somebody with musical talent.

3.Use of Vourism is common, mainly in the use of female artists. I think that this is primarily to appeal to the teenage audience and also to make the artists appear how the producers want them to. This will create more appeal and fanbase for the artists and in turn will make more money.

4. Because of its mass appeal, most pop videos are aimed at a teenage and younger audience. Large brands of Music like EMA and Virgin will constantly use Pop videos and aim it at the younger audiences through use of marketing, Music Videos Bieng one of the more dominant forms of Advertising.

5. Different types of pop are aimed at Both Genders. For Females the use of Bright girly colours is common, like the use of Pink and Other Bright Colours. For Males it is use of colourful bu darker colours Like Shades of Blue.